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Natural Law (in Rousseau’s philosophy) [ Political & Moral philosophy ]

… l’historicité humaine, bouleverse le fondement du lien social. Concepts > Political & Moral philosophy Keywords Rousseau natural law positive law social bond social contract Selon Rousseau, le lien social n’a rien d’une évidence, et il n’est parfait … antérieure au contrat et ne peut donc pas servir de garant de l'ordre social. Aussi faut-il récuser l’idée de la lex naturalis entendue comme ratio : pour être naturelle, une loi doit pouvoir être reconnaissable sans besoin de …

Robinson’s and Friday’s Island [ Nature ]

… Abstract The doctrine of natural law may well be the cornerstone of Daniel Defoe’s cultural formation. When Robinson Crusoe digs into his conscience, he … far as he refers to his civitas , his societas , his own civilized world. He finds within himself the elements of divine natural law, i.e., moral values that, ab origine , range from religious items to self-respect and discipline. Places > …

Sovereignty (in Hobbes's philosophy) [ Political & Moral philosophy / Philosophy ]

… philosophy on the origin of State, and provides a rationale for his theory of absolute sovereignty. The refutation of natural sociability had political and anthropological consequences. It gave precedence to negative sentiments—fear and … & Moral philosophy People > Philosophy Keywords Civility Friendship Hobbes Sovereignty Violence War The refutation of natural sociability The majority of political treaties, from the age of Cicero and Aristotle to the mid-seventeenth … than that Men should agree to make certaine Covenants and Conditions together, which themselves should then call Lawes. Which Axiom, though received by most, is yet certainly False, and an Errour proceeding from our too slight …

Anthony Ashley Cooper, third Earl of Shaftesbury [ Philosophy / Art and Literature / Aristocracy ]

… the concept of ‘sociability’ for thinkers in both Great Britain and the Continent. He understood sociability both as a natural human impulse and as a disciplinary practice for cultivating this ‘natural affection,’ which grounded virtue and human flourishing. The almost all-encompassing importance of the term links … self ' (56). Such ethical theories not only ignored the benevolent impulses of human nature but also corrupted them. 4 . Lawrence E. Klein, Shaftesbury and the Culture of Politeness: Moral Discourse and Cultural Politics in Early …

Scientific experiments [ Politics & Society / Science ]

… experiments were shown in locations as varied as coffeehouses, learned societies, and public lectures. They conveyed natural knowledge through shared aesthetic experiences; they also elicited conversation and facilitated new forms of … sublime powers of nature, and admiration for enlightened rationality. Experimentation elicited such feelings by bringing natural philosophy (in the words of Joseph Addison) ‘out of Closets and Libraries, Schools and Colleges, to dwell in … and a lurid exposé by the former radical William Reid, which claimed that London was a hotbed of ‘infidel societies'. 13 Laws passed in 1795, 1799, and 1817 required debating societies to obtain licenses from the authorities. The Academic …

Scottish Enlightenment [ Political & Moral philosophy ]

… ‘largely composed of professional men rather than aristocrats’ and that ‘many of the “lords” who figure in them were law lords who worked their way up through their profession’. 6 Such societies and clubs include Rankenian Club (founded … arguments of earlier writers, like Thomas Hobbes or, more recently, Bernard Mandeville, that humans were not naturally vested with any sociable propensities or affections in what was sometimes called the ‘ state of nature. ’ This raised a set of further questions, prompted in part by the natural law theorist Samuel Pufendorf ’s insistence that human need ( indigentia ) supplied a basis for society prior to …