Political clubs during the French Revolution [ Politics & Society / Clubs & Societies ]
… to the poor and to the army at war after April 1792. In some respects, the clubs resembled modern political parties. In others, they prefigured thinktanks, charities and civic awareness groups. While the activities of French … created the urgency to do so. 3 1 . Alexis de Tocqueville, The Old Régime and the French Revolution, trans. Stuart Gilbert (Garden City, NY: Doubleday Anchor Books, 1955 [1856]); Augustin Cochin, Les Sociétés de Pensée et la … à Paris de la Révolution au Directoire (Paris: Kimé, 1994). 3 . This argument owes to the insights of Jean-Clément Martin, who argues for the ‘défaut d’état’ thesis. See Jean-Clément Martin, Violence et Révolution : essai sur la …
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