… Urban Renaissance (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989), p.181. 2 . James Kelly, Sport in Ireland 1600-1840 (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2014), p.101. Although racing was the period’s most important sport, until recently general historians have … theoretical approaches of historical animal studies. 4 Newmarket was a gravitational centre of royal political power and courtly leisure following the Restoration of Charles II, and by the early 1700s a predominantly Protestant Whig racing … (49,1, 2022), p.44-60. 12 . Oliver Cox, ‘”Newmarket, that Infamous Seminary of Iniquity and Ill Manners”: Horses and Courts in the Early Years of George III’s Reign’, The Court Historian (24, 3, 2019), p.269-281. Gambling was closely …