… coffeehouses in London, although there were surely many more unlicensed coffeehouses as well. 1 The first coffeehouse patrons were natural philosophers (virtuosi) and merchants who had encountered coffee drinking in their travels to the …
Coffeehouses | Drinking | Public sphere | Politics
… for undermining the credibility of rivals and opponents. Writers were hired by newspapers, editors, publishers and patrons. They were often enlisted to support parties in line with the communicative strategies pursued by Tories and …
Books | Censorship | Newspapers | Periodicals | Public sphere
… and mercantile elites remained traditional in many ways, and there continued to exist powerful networks of aristocratic patronage linking Edinburgh to the worlds of London and the wider empire throughout the eighteenth century. But it is …
Britishness | Commerce | Cosmopolitanism | Enlightenment | Gender | Moral philosophy | Manners | Politeness | Public sphere