Salons [ Associational culture ]
… philosophical networks, as was the case for Madame d’Épinay and Françoise de Graffigny. (Lilti 93-98, 177) Some salon hostesses found a means to circumnavigate this financial challenge. Julie de Lespinasse, for instance, received visitors … Some salons failed precisely because they had not enough of either group. (Lilti 177) Moreover, many of the female salon hostesses who maintained prominent salons over the years proved how critical a role they played in facilitating the …
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