… dissemination than that of the boo ks. The periodical form appeared at the end of the sixteenth century in Holland, England and France, and very quickly aroused the interest of society. The recurrence of the publication, which enables it … diversity. All subjects are approached with some severe restrictions on religion and politics, although this concerns England less than France. 1 This diversity encourages a wider audience, readers ranging from scholars to intellectuals, … and opinions. In France, the Journal de Trévoux (1701-1767), for instance, was a newspaper supporting Jesuit thought. In England, The Examiner, edited by Jonathan Swift (1710-1714), promoted the Tory viewpoint against Whig ministers. Two …