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… that was often missing in their relationships with men. Concepts > Feelings & Emotions Mots-clés Conflict Friendship Gender sexe Women The English literature of the long eighteenth century offers abundant portraits of female friendship as … such image ‘two and a half centuries later, has not fully been shaken’. 3 . Rachel Carnell, 'It's Not Easy Being Green: Gender and Friendship in Eliza Haywood's Political Periodicals', English Faculty Publications (vol. 24, 1999) … as well as the many functions they served. Given the social pressure for a progressively more rigid separation of gender roles (and apt spaces for such roles), Todd argues that female communities ‘nudge women into development, where …

… as putting them at risk of further and fuller violations. Practices > Communication Mots-clés Conduct Conventions Dance Gender Kissing Propriety Touch In The Miser Married (1813), Catherine Hutton’s heroine, Charlotte Montgomery, notes: … and variations, simultaneously masking and refining issues of attraction and desire.  My discussion focuses on binary gendered relations as a wide normative standard – without prejudice to other forms of contact and relations, which … Literature and the Unsentimental Eighteenth Century (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011). Fletcher, Anthony, Gender, Sex and Subordination in England 1500-1800 (New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1995). Gowing, Laura, …

… women. Places > Clubs & Societies Practices > Associational culture Mots-clés Advertisement Clubs Debate Eloquence Gender Middling sort North America Politics Public sphere Debating societies were commercial ventures that provided the … Record Society 30 (London: London Record Society, 1994). 8 . Mary Thale, ‘Women in London Debating Societies in 1780’, Gender & History 7, no. 1 (1 April 1995), p. 5–24 (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0424.1995.tb00011.x). 9 . Debate on 27 … were tempered by conservative opinions on other fields (against welfare to the undeserving poor; for traditional gender roles).   Social composition and the issue of respectability The sixpence entry fee made debating societies …

… of human interactions, Jane Austen analysed the implications of late Georgian and Regency sociability with regard to gender and social rank. Critiquing earlier notions of polite sociability, her fictions recognise new sites of provincial … work and amongst new communities emerging in the digital realm. People > Art and Literature Mots-clés Courtship Fiction Gender Public sphere The Sociable Jane Austen Jane Austen’s early life, growing up in her father’s country parsonage in … of human interactions, Jane Austen analysed the implications of late Georgian and Regency sociability with regard to gender and social rank. Critiquing earlier notions of polite sociability, her fictions recognise new sites of provincial …

… us to understand the physical aspect of social interactions. Objects > Clothing & Fashion Mots-clés Dance Dress Elite Gender Shoes The shoe is a very good example of a material object that informed the practice of sociability in the … material artefact that had a close relationship with the body, and which had an important role to play in social and gender relations. Shoes are items of dress, so they have a visual importance in terms of fashion. Much historical work on … relate quite directly to the role that the wearer is expected to take in society, including occupation, social status or gender role. This was certainly the case in the eighteenth century. Working people wore utilitarian shoes that enabled …

… enacted during this period. Concepts > Antagonism & Resistance Mots-clés Antagonism Civility Enmity Falsehood Friendship Gender Politeness Women Friendship held an important place in social relations. But one of the major challenges that men … (2nd ed., London, 1625), p. 21 9 . Athenian Mercury 6, Issue 29 (26 March, 1692). The perils of false friendship had gendered connotations. The natural sincerity associated with women, meant that female company came to encapsulate many of … to affect the contrary: This by a more proper and restrain’d Name is call’d Deceit’. 16 10 . Lawrence E. Klein, ‘Gender, Conversation and the Public Sphere in Early Eighteenth-Century England’, in Michael Worton and Judith Still …

… Practices > Politics & Society Places > Clubs & Societies Mots-clés Clubs Crime Debate Democracy French Revolution Gender Law Politics Sovereignty State Violence Political clubs proliferated in France during the French Revolution and … (Paris : Presses universitaires de France, 1989), p. 586. Class was not the only factor producing separate clubs. Gender was as well. Women’s clubs developed early in the Revolution, often as adjuncts of male Jacobin clubs. They … clamp down on the clubs, which had become intensely factionalised.  9 . Katie Jarvis, Politics in the Marketplace: Work, Gender and Citizenship in Revolutionary France (New York: Oxford University Press, 2019), especially chapters 5-6; Olwen …

… period. Concepts > Political & Moral philosophy Mots-clés Britishness Commerce Cosmopolitanism Enlightenment Gender Moral philosophy Manners Politeness Public sphere In his 1742 essay ‘ Of essay writing’, the Scottish philosopher … for the generation writing between the 1760s and 1780s was the role played by women, marital customs and, more broadly, gender relations in fostering the refinement of sociability that many took as the hallmark of the civilising process. As … has shown, this was a theme taken up with particular aplomb by the Glasgow-based John Millar, whose own repositioning of gender and familial relations at the centre of the history of society was informed by his deep engagement with a wealth …

… entry to high society. Places > Cities Places > Institutions Mots-clés Aristocracy Consumption Clubs Elite Gambling Gender Opera ‘The West End of the Town‘ (as it was usually known in the long eighteenth century) generated new forms of … Garrick (London: Allen Lane, 1999), p.1. In the West End, there were different kinds of sociability based upon class and gender but they also shaped new kinds of distinctly urban culture. New forms of sociability emerged around the networks … Pepys,  The Diary of Samuel Pepys  (23 February  1662/63 ). … Aristocracy … Consumption … Clubs … Elite … Gambling … Gender … Opera … West End of London …