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… It had a high concentration of taverns, dosshouses, coffeehouses, and brothels – as well as publishers, booksellers, and authors. This mixture of the socially low, the commercial and the literary made it appealing to use the street name as a … Though the actual street eventually disappeared in the restructuring of London and the social and economic conditions of authorship that the term implied evolved, the notion of Grub Street remained firmly entrenched in the British literary … (one of the lowest forms of accommodation), coffeehouses, and brothels – as well as of publishers, booksellers, and authors. It is this mixture of the socially low, the commercial (all the way to actual prostitution) and the literary …

… in society.   1 . William Gilpin, Memoirs of Dr. Richard Gilpin … and of his posterity … together with an account of the author, by himself: and a pedigree of the Gilpin family, ed. W. Jackson (London: Bernard Quaritch, 1879), p. 147-148. An … Press, 1963). Gilpin, William,  Memoirs of Dr. Richard Gilpin … and of his posterity … together with an account of the author, by himself: and a pedigree of the Gilpin family , ed. W. Jackson (London: B. Quaritch 1879). Gilpin, William, … Press, 1963). Gilpin, William,  Memoirs of Dr. Richard Gilpin … and of his posterity … together with an account of the author, by himself: and a pedigree of the Gilpin family , ed. W. Jackson (London: B. Quaritch 1879). Gilpin, William, …

… based in London, exhibited a large vertical orrery he called the ‘eidouranion.’ 5 . John R. Millburn, Benjamin Martin: Author, Instrument-maker and ‘Country Showman’ (Leiden: Noordhoff, 1976). The scene depicted in Wright’s painting is not … of ‘infidel societies'. 13 Laws passed in 1795, 1799, and 1817 required debating societies to obtain licenses from the authorities. The Academic Society of London, the City Philosophical Society, and the Philomathic Institution were denied … Askesian Society of London, 1796-1807’, Annals of Science (vol. 34, 1977), p. 1–32. Millburn, John R., Benjamin Martin: Author, Instrument-maker and ‘Country Showman’ (Leiden: Noordhoff, 1976). Morus, Iwan, Simon Schaffer, and Jim Secord, …

… Studies (vol. 18, n° 2, 1984-5), p.186-214. Marshall, Ashley, ‘Radical Steele: Popular Politics and the Limits of Authority’, Journal of British Studies (vol. 58, n° 2, 2019), p. 338-365. McCrea, Brian,  Addison and Steele Are Dead: … Studies (vol. 18, n° 2, 1984-5), p.186-214. Marshall, Ashley, ‘Radical Steele: Popular Politics and the Limits of Authority’, Journal of British Studies (vol. 58, n° 2, 2019), p. 338-365. McCrea, Brian,  Addison and Steele Are Dead: …

… and the weakness of the state. The inability and, in some instances, unwillingness of the state to assert its authority in key domains, such as taxation, calumnious speech and the grain trade, created a vacuum that the clubs … during a tumultuous period of constitutional transformation. They served multiple functions. They lobbied and petitioned authorities. They informed and educated the public. They fundraised and redistributed, to the poor and to the army at war … produced a toxic politics: while the clubs externalised their internal conflicts, polarising society, they also claimed authority that the constitution did not confer to them. The principle of popular sovereignty may have helped justify this …

… and ‘merit’, the poetic or artistic capability of the person receiving patronage. 1 . For example Charles Churchill, The Author. A Poem (London: W. Flexney, 1763), p. 3-4; James Ralph, The Case of Authors by Profession or Trade, Stated. With Regard to Booksellers, the Stage, and the Public. No Matter by Whom (London: … 1650–1800 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), p. 10. Oliver Goldsmith and Charles Churchill are among the authors in the second half of the century who deplored the marketized corruption of the prevailing system, and idealized …