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Helen Maria Williams [ Art and Literature / Travel ]
… conservative stance may explain why she refused to go to Paris . 13 Williams stopped writing political works during the Empire, a period of strong censorship. It was not until the fall of Napoleon that British visitors were able to return to … to the salonnière Madame Helvétius, whom she regularly visited in Auteuil ( Sketches , letter 37) . In her works on the Empire, Williams expressed her contempt for the etiquette established at the Tuileries court, in particular criticising …
Correspondence | France | French Revolution | Politics | Women
Encyclopedia
Merchant communities in European ports [ Commerce / Mobility / Trade ]
… dans les grandes places commerciales ce qui leur assure un grand succès dans les affaires. 2 . Jonathan I. Israel, Empires and Entrepots. The Dutch, the Spanish Monarchy and the Jews, 1585-1713 (London, The Hambledon Press, 1990), p. …
Commerce | Correspondence | Cosmopolitanism | Europe | Merchants | Migration | Networks | Travel
Encyclopedia